answer: in south korea or cloud products for korean users, the so-called " high bandwidth " usually refers to the public network egress bandwidth reaching hundreds of mbps to tens of gbps. common gears include: 100mbps, 1gbps, 10gbps and above. for e-commerce, high-traffic media or live broadcast scenarios, 1gbps and above are considered high bandwidth .
bandwidth is often measured in mbps/gbps, but you should also pay attention to the number of concurrent connections (concurrent users), requests per second (qps), and packet rate (pps), which will affect the actual experience.
many vendors provide guaranteed bandwidth + burstable (burstable) mode. understanding the guaranteed bandwidth and peak burst upper limit is important for capacity planning.
high bandwidth is usually accompanied by higher fees and different slas (packet loss rate, delay, availability). when signing a contract, you need to confirm the billing method (by bandwidth peak/by traffic/pay-per-view).
answer: the estimation steps include: counting historical traffic peaks, estimating the number of concurrent users and bandwidth requirements per user, considering protocol overhead and retries, and reserving security redundancy (usually 30%-50%). for example, if there are 10,000 concurrent users, each user uses an average of 100kb/s, the peak value is about 1gbps.
use monitoring (traffic curves, number of connections, qps) to build capacity models and infer bandwidth requirements based on rps/concurrency curves.
static content (pictures/videos) is bandwidth-sensitive, and dynamic requests are more sensitive to concurrency and back-end performance. different content types need to be evaluated separately.
consider the sudden traffic brought by marketing activities, live broadcasts or third-party recommendations, and design automatic expansion or cdn coverage strategies.
answer: core strategies include cdn acceleration, edge caching, full-site or local load balancing, elastic scaling (automatically increasing and decreasing instances), connection rate limiting, traffic shaping (qos) and rate limiting. at the same time, it combines monitoring alarms and preset traffic thresholds.
use cdn to push static resources, videos and large files to south korea or asia-pacific edge nodes, significantly reducing the export bandwidth pressure of the origin site.
automatically expand back-end instances through elastic groups of kubernetes/cloud hosts, and coordinate with horizontal database expansion or read-write separation to alleviate peak values.
at the edge or gateway, implement token bucket/leaky bucket current limiting, rate limiting based on ip or api, and perform segmentation and breakpoint resuming for large file downloads to smooth traffic.
answer: first of all, deploy the ddos protection service (cleaning center) of the cloud vendor or a third party, enable the traffic blackhole/traffic scheduling policy, and combine with waf to block abnormal requests. use anycast, bgp multi-line or hybrid cloud at the same time to achieve traffic dispersion.
anycast+multi-line bgp can distribute traffic to multiple exits and cleaning nodes to avoid single point saturation.
use behavioral analysis and anomaly detection (sudden increase, repeated requests) to automatically trigger mitigation strategies: flow limiting, blocking or migrating traffic to cleaning links.
regularly conduct traffic peak drills and recovery drills to verify the effectiveness of monitoring, alarms, and automation scripts.
answer: through a combination of multiple strategies: put hot content on cdn/edge nodes, use on-demand elastic scaling to reduce long-term idle resources, adopt a guaranteed + burst or pay-per-flow bandwidth solution, and negotiate annual bandwidth discounts to reduce unit costs.
continuously use a/b testing and monitoring data to adjust instance specifications and bandwidth levels to achieve "right-sizing".
store and distribute resources according to hot and cold tiers: low-cost object storage is used for cold data, and high bandwidth and edge caching are used for hot traffic.
choose a cloud provider with good network interconnection or local nodes in south korea to optimize dns resolution, tcp parameters and tls handshake to reduce latency and improve user experience.
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